An overview of NDHM's Technology

National Health Authority (NHA) has been working on a new-age ecosystem for healthcare data for India, one which allows seamless availability and interoperability of Personal Health Records to authorized people, they started designing the new ecosystem network such that data is available always to the patient all the time. Further, patients can choose to share their data with their health care providers securely.

Since the implementation was envisioned to be in a mission mode, the initiative was named, and is currently referred to as the National Digital Health Mission (NDHM). 

NDHM Architecture

NDHM is employing a federated architecture for its ecosystem. That means that management and data access occurs in a federated manner where different entities or systems will manage the health data.
There is no central data storage controlling and storing data.

Using the Federated Health Records Framework (FHR), patients can access and view their health records, and provide consent to any HIPs and HIUs to access their data.

To ensure smooth consented data sharing and time-bound data access, it is necessary to make the data traceable and auditable. Therefore the FHR Framework architecture leverages MeitY's Data Empowerment and Protection Architecture (DEPA) electronic consent framework, which is already being used in the financial sector.

Here are some interesting technical features of the NDHM ecosystem

FHIR for all Medical Data

One of the prevalent problems in the healthcare software landscape is that software providers have their own proprietary data structures and way of dealing with medical data. Despite having various standards available in the industry, very few providers use them correctly. This affects interoperability between systems. That is why it was required that all the systems on the ecosystem use the same standards for medical data so that data is interoperable. This is why the FHIR(Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) Specification was chosen as the data exchange format.

Asynchronous APIs

All the APIs(Application Programming Interfaces) of NDHM are asynchronous APIs. That means that you do not get the response of your requests synchronously but the response is sent back to your endpoints as a callback once your request is processed. This is a pretty standard technique in large distributed systems, and its use is expected and welcomed.  As things start moving forwards, more providers will join and the number of transactions will grow exponentially. This model allows them to scale the network easily as we move forward.

It is also important to know that plenty of interactions happen between Health Information providers (HIPs) and each HIP software may handle requests differently. So making the API calls asynchronous, helps manage the variable serving capabilities of different HIP software graciously.

Patient Privacy & Security Features of NDHM

Privacy of the Patient Data is crucial and a lot of people are not comfortable with sharing their personal health data on central servers, especially sharing them with the government without their consent. The model that was adapted for this handles this concern very well. 

Let's see how this is handled to ensure patient privacy is ensured,  and it's the patient who owns the data.

HIPs can only create data if authorized by the Patient:

HIPs cannot create any data against a Health ID without first being authorized by the Patient. HIP obtains an Auth Code from NDHM Gateway by one of the following authorization methods:

• Demographics Verification - Patient Demographics data supplied by HIP matches the Demographics data registered with the Health ID
• Mobile OTP - Patient shares OTP sent to registered mobile number with the given health ID
• Aadhar OTP - Patients shares OTP sent to the mobile number registered to Aadhar No associated with the given health ID
• QR Code Share - Patient has the option to share their health ID by scanning the QR code available to the registration desk and the given HIP receives Patient Information and the Auth Code.

This ensures that no health data against a patient Health ID is being created without the patient’s approval.

An HIU(Health Information User) can only get past health records of other HIPs if consented by Patient

Other HIU's do not get a Patient’s past health records generated by other HIPs without the patient’s consent. If an HIU wishes to receive the past records, HIU needs to generate a Consent request with the following information:

• Types of Health Data (OPConsultation, Prescriptions, Diagnostics Records, Discharge Summary & Immunization)
• The purpose for Requesting Data
• The date range of the data required
• Consent Expiry - On consent expiry, this health data get destroyed from HIU’s system

As soon as this request is generated, the patient is notified about this consent request and he can review the request in the PHR app. The patient will be able to see all the data requested by HIU as mentioned above. Not only can the patient review the data but the patient also has the option to modify the request data( e.g. change consent expiry or type of data he/she wish to share or even change the date range of health records requested). This data is only shared with the HIU if the patient approves the consent request. If he denies the request, HIU does not receive this data.

Not only can patients review these things, but the patient can also decide to prematurely revoke access to any HIU‘s approved requests. If a patient decides to revoke access, the corresponding data will get destroyed from HIU’s system.

This mechanism ensures that patients always have control over their data.

Peer to Peer Data Transfer Between HIP & HIU

As mentioned earlier, a lot of patients are uncomfortable about their private health records being available to and accessed by the government. To avoid this altogether, NDHM never handles the data themselves. The NDHM Gateway only coordinates the connections between HIP and HIU. The actual data transfers happen between HIP & HIU directly and it is effected using a peer-to-peer connection. It does not pass through NDHM, and so there is no way NDHM can access the data.

Data exchange between the HIP & the HIU also happens using encrypted medical records above the standard TLS connection. This adds an additional layer of encryption for medical data.

The ECDH (Elliptic-curve Diffie–Hellman) key agreement protocol is used for this. The HIP & the HIU generate their own pair of public-private keys using curve25519 elliptic curve. This curve provides 128 bits of security for the data being encrypted.

The HIP will use its own private key and the HIU’s public key to compute a session key and encrypt the content using an AES GCM cipher. The HIU can use their private key and the HIP’s public key and compute the session key to decrypt the data. So even if the encrypted data is leaked, no one except these two parties can encrypt/decrypt the data.

Final Thoughts

The NDHM is a wonderful initiative by the government to streamline the healthcare landscape in India today. At this time, all the health data is available as silos within different solutions and systems. It is very difficult, if not impossible, to make the data interoperable between systems. Consequently, it is difficult for patients to access the data across these silos and manage it properly within a system of theirs choice. This project has the ability to revolutionize the industry. This could be the UPI of Healthcare.

It is one thing to have a concept and another thing to implement and execute it. So far NDHM seems to be going in the right direction.  And there is hope that it will continue to do so. 

Technology is being given equal importance to gain the trust of all players involved in this industry.

Privacy and Security have been a prime priority in the project as you can see from the above article, this is an oft-ignored aspect in old projects. Hope it continues to stay this way.

References

https://sandbox.ndhm.gov.in/docs/architecture

https://sandbox.ndhm.gov.in/docs/data_encrypt_decrypt


This blog post has been co-authored by Kishan Gor , Aditya Patkar and Nrip Nihalani

Patient Provider Communication : Using IT to facilitate Information Therapy

True engagement comes about through two-way, mutually beneficial conversations.

Technology must look to create multiple ways to facilitate both formal and informal Patient- Doctor Communication. The telephone made a huge impact on the way we communicate, and so did email. Newer technologies must be used to offer ease of use, increase reach and lower costs. Many providers today communicate with their patients using skype, google chat and even facebook. Technologies must build on such success stories. 

Doctor–Patient Communication will also benefit if technology vendors link Communication mechanisms to Provider Information Sources and Health Information Exchanges

-- Provide integrations of these mechanisms with clinical and diagnostic software (EMR's, EHR's , etc)

-- Emailing of schedules and reports to patients is a must.

-- Using SMS to send Medical alerts, reminders, and schedules

-- Go the extra distance and use Social Media to provide alerts and reminders to patients via Facebook Messages, Twitter DM's, etc.

This is the 4th Article in a series of Articles on Using IT to facilitate Information Therapy by Nrip Nihalani and Aditya Patkar . 

What EMR & Medical Software Options are available for doctors who use an Apple Mac !

In the Health Care industry EMR’s, Practice Management Software’s and other Clinical Productivity Tools are primarily built for the ubiquitously available Windows platforms. A huge number are also available for Linux, most of these Open Source, and a very small number for the Macs.

In the United States, the EMR business is filled in with over 300 major vendors, however as per this report by from Software Advice there are 8 vendors offering EMR's natively built for the Mac's in the United States. 

Very few vendors actually support the Mac. Many doctors over the years have wanted a Mac, but would’nt get one due to the lack of Medical Softwares for it. Though lately there has been a surge in the number of vendors promising native Mac versions in the future.

In the interest of the majority of doctors reading this, lets ask the questions: “What does a vendor mean when they say that their EMR is natively supported on a Mac? What exactly does it take for an EMR to be supported on a Mac ? What is this native thing I’m talking about”

For an EMR to be natively supported on a Mac, The EMR program’s software code must be understood by the Mac ; In simpler terms, The program must speak the Mac’s language and follow the Mac’s set of rules. Windows has its own set of rules and they are different from a Mac. So a program made for Windows unfortunately may not run on a  Mac.  

Summarizing

The Mac and the Windows are inherently different, and a software program built for one may not run on the other as the other operating system might not understand what the program is trying to say/do

For an EMR to natively run on a Mac, its underlying code must be understood by the Mac, and it must be following the rules of the Mac.

Given this criteria and the fact that the number of Mac based software are few, what jugaad can be done to provide more choices to the Mac users?

Enter Virtualization
Enter Web based Applications

Virtualization:

Virtualization is based on the concept that if you have a software made for the Mac, and you can make Windows understand it, then it will run on Windows : And Vice Versa
 
A Virtual Machine is a type of software used to create a Virtual Environment, which is referred to as Virtualization. Virtualization may be used to run multiple operating systems at the same time on one Physical Machine. Through the help of a virtual machine, the user can operate software built for one Platform (Or Operating System) on another.

THUS A SOFTWARE NEED NOT BE NATIVELY SUPPORTED ON A PLATFORM TO BE USED BY IT ANY MORE, AS LONG AS YOU CAN USE A VIRTUAL MACHINE WHICH ALLOWS YOU TO USE IT ON THE INCOMPATIBLE PLATFORM.

The virtualization industry is a boon and it is booming because it allows people more choices

Here is a link to 2 fantastic Virtual Machines for the interested. As always, feel free to drop me a line at n.nihalani AT plus91.in for any help.

Virtualbox

VMWare Fusion

In recent times, whether it is due to Apple’s advertising or the Word of Mouth spread that works with Doctors, a Number of Indian Doctors have told us that they are buying a Mac; and if the Clinkare Physician EMR would be supported on it. Yes of Course! Both the desktop version and the SaaS version are supported on the Macs.

Web Based / SaaS Aplications:

The category of SaaS and Web Based EMR’s is exciting. THEY ARE USUALLY PLATFORM INDEPENDENT, UNLESS THERE IS A PC COMPONENT WHICH REQUIRES NATIVE SUPPORT: LIKE A SCREENSHOT PLUGIN, OR A VOIP COMPONENT, OR A DICTATION COMPONENT;

Web Based EMR's are EMR's which can be used directly via your browser, the same browser you are using to read this article. They are usually available on a remote internet connected server and thus free you as a user from worrying about the nitty gritties of configurations, operating systems and the administration issues which come with time due to these.

In this article on MAC EMR Software, the author states that “Web-based EMRs are the best long-term investment for doctors using Macs. Unlike their on-premise counterparts, vendors offering web-based software won’t have to support two versions of their software (i.e. one for Windows, one for Mac) in the long run ”

One can’t agree more. Every Web Based EMR vendor, knows that their EMR can be used using a Windows , a Mac, a Ubuntu; Users can even use the EMR’s on Tablet PC’s as well as Low Cost Netbooks.

There has been a surge in the adoption of the iPads in many health care institutions(pictures below), here in India, and as reported in the United States, United Kingdom and Singapore. iPads with their form factor well suited for use by On Round Doctors in In-Patient Wards, Nurses while taking down Vitals in Charts and even Assistants in OT’s for Managing Checklists are a hit. 

LabC: Pathology EMR on the iPad

The Clinkare EMR on the iPad

        
With Virtualization being available and Web Based EMR’s being the popular flavor with vendors, there are now choices available to Physicians and Clinics for Medical Software which can be used with their Mac’s.

If you are in the United States, you may want to use this comparison to help you select the Web based EMR which works best for you

If in India, you really should give the Clinkare Physician EMR  a try ...

Disclaimer:  This post is a modification of the post Why are there no Mac’s in the clinic? from Nrip's Personal blog Wirelysis

Information Technology Orientation For Starting Hospital Administrators

Information technology and computer science tools are definitely the most rapidly growing segment of the world ecosystem. The development in the sector permeates every human activity; social, economic, cultural, religious, political, professional, personal and healthcare. Information technology has radically altered the way many people work and think. Information Technology has made a significant difference to the Quality and Standards of Life. Learning some of the common IT application an individual can carry out any activity of your work life simpler and easier.

There is a rising awareness about the need for better healthcare in India. The demand for healthcare is growing with the increasing affordability of Indian middle class, a new breed of patients have emerged with enhanced expectations for better quality of healthcare, both patients and doctors exposed to international healthcare setting demand more, number of insurance players playing a key role, net savvy population, more number of independent hospitals have made the healthcare market more competent and complex.

Over the years, technology has touched a new zenith and now it is not constrained to developed countries. Developing countries such as India have kept pace with the world in modern technology. Healthcare professionals can no longer disregard the application of information technology to healthcare because they are key elements for competing in complex healthcare competition.

The major component that can give an edge in terms of patient care and effective decision making is IT support. Today's corporate hospitals compete on the basis of the technology with investment in it being the major benchmark.

Technology in healthcare has brought better therapeutic & diagnostics delivery of services,  integration to various components of large healthcare providing entity, very similar to that of any other sector like manufacturing and banking sectors. Healthcare IT has huge potential in India as the hospital are emerging, growing up and healthcare workers want to upgrade.

When a fresh post graduate with medical and non medical background entering in the market searching for a job in the healthcare administration side with little or no knowledge on IT, he has to be a part of  following job codes

Job code 1 He joins an ongoing cooperate hospitals that has an established IT infrastructure, enterprise wide software and a well integrated system. The hospitals have already invested heavily on IT applications and using them successfully, the expectations from a fresher to perform in the new setting are high. To deal with this situation the fresher should be oriented with basic operational domain knowledge as well as trained by application specialist.

Job code 2  When a fresh post graduate joins a hospital from the scratch (for a new hospital which is in the inception/ setting up stage). The fresh post graduate has to plan, coordinate, budget, execute, install, and train the employees, built an entire IT system for a new hospital for which he should have a sound knowledge of IT application in his post graduation as a core subject.

Job code 3 When a fresh post graduate joins a consultancy and suppose the consultancy is working on an IT project for an established hospital or a new hospital. The fresh post graduate has to work with IT vendors and make a decision regarding the IT infrastructure. He has to plan, budget, execute, install, and train the employees built an entire IT plan for a new hospital and act as a facilitator, catalyst as a change agent

Job code 4 When a fresh post graduate has mobilized enough funds to start his own hospital as the owner he has to make a  tough decision regarding  IT infrastructure .He  should know his budget, requirement and growth prospect .He can plan the entire schedule by himself or take the help of  IT consultant

Job code 5 This is the toughest of all the jobs codes, you are working with existing software and reported some modifications either want to add new features or replace it you have been assigned this duty to select , administer , execute, train, budget the entire program( he has to act as a change agent, motivate the staff and convince the management ). It is very risky. The individual may have little or no knowledge of new technology and application. The success of the project depends up on you which involves time, money and efforts.

What Are The Software Options?

As a fresh post graduate who is in the future going to be an administrator should understand few basic principals about IT software either to go for (Build software vs. Buy software) or (Make decision vs. Buy decision). This is the most important and curtail of all the decision of IT infrastructure.

If it is Make decision then it is development of software in house which follows SDLC (System Development Life Cycle)

If it is Buy decision then checking out your hospital requirements, listing out various vendors who supply readymade software product on contract bases, evaluate their features, select the best from the available, install the software, train the employees with application specialist, have a backend support with vendor.

Basic Check List Elements

Check list 1    The first responsibility that the administrator has is to ensure is that the software which is being used has an End-User-Licensing-Agreement. It should not be pirated one

Check list 2 The administrator should instruct the IT manager to have all the detailed about hardware, software, number of computers, date of manufacturing, their warranty period, when was the annual maintenance contract renewal (AMC), when is it to be renewed and so on. This all should be maintained as a hard and soft copy.

Check list 3 The administrator should instruct the IT manager to have total control over the network, support your system with a good firewall which scans each piece of data that goes out or comes in, a good antivirus with daily updates with Malware and spam mail options, a sound multi-level authorisation to ensure what data is viewed only by authorised personal. Site-blocker software should be installed which blocks illegal browsing sites.

Check list 4 A sound backup and recovery program is very important. (Offsite backup is preferred).

Check list 5 Check the various insurance options for IT which include (Insurance for the entire hardware and software installed in the system and even the user is supposed to be insured. (If you are not aware of the insurance policy then hire an insurance broker)

Check list 6 Plan the IT– infrastructure by seeing the existing workload, technology up gradation etc. A definite amount of budget should be allocated to the IT- Manager. A maintenance budget and an operational budget

Check list 7 Regular training programs should be conducted for the new employees, as well as for the existing ones. Eemployee feedback should be taken about IT and evaluated by the administrator and IT manager.

Check list 8 An easy to navigate, light, perfect, interactive website or portal should be maintained by hospital IT-Department. This can be browsed on any browser.  All the employees should possess an Email for any form of internal communication.

Note: The document has not covered the technical details of various elements like firewall, backup, recovery, browser, portal, insurance broker etc

This is a Guest Post by:
Syed Murtuza Hussain Bakshi

Associate Professor

Department Of Hospital Management

Owaisi Hospital and Research Center

murtuza_in21@yahoo.com, murtuzain21@gmail.com

Mobile: - 09948662135

Improving Patient Care through EMRs

EMRs-Electronic Medical Records are a modern revolution in the field of healthcare improving the standards of quality in healthcare and raising it to a higher level. With all the numerous benefits of EMRs to doctors, it eventually signifies the benefits to patients and thereby improves patient care.

Using EMR in medical practice can improve patient care in the following ways:

Safe and secure medical records: Electronic medical records are safely and securely maintained in a PC in contrast to the paper-based records let out in open leading to forgery, loss of records or damage due to natural factors. Records inside the PC cannot be damaged or lost and thus a patient is tension-free with respect to the security of his records.    

Make better decisions: A patient history well maintained helps you make better decisions in your treatment. EMR is a tool to maintain such patient histories and take decisions accordingly increasing patient care.

Less time in management and more relief to patients: Paper-based records and registers pile up and become difficult to manage. Moreover, it takes a lot of time for the receptionist to search the record and hand it over to the patient. Instead through EMRs, the doctor searches the records in a single click and reduces the time spent in searching them inside the clinic. This eventually gives a relief to the patients as their waiting time is curbed.

Email the reports to non-local patients: Mailing the reports is a great way to showcase care for patients. If they are paper-based, it becomes a tedious task to deliver it to the patients who are not in the same city, state or country. However, if the doctor uses EMR and mails the reports it saves time and improves patient care. 

Reduction in chaos, happy patients: A messy clinic with cluttered papers, chaos and mismanagement gives a bad impression of the doctor and the clinic. Instead resorting to EMR with no papers lying around, a clean clinic and proper management smoothens the practice giving a good impression to the patients. 

Say no to Memory-based treatments: A memory based treatment proves dangerous for both patient and the doctor. So no more risk of giving bad treatment to your patients with EMR having records of the diagnosis and treatment available within seconds. EMR based treatments have proved safer in contrast to the memory-based treatments improving patient care.

A specialists’ and colleagues’ opinion: EMR stored inside a PC is easy to share with your fellow colleagues and specialists to discuss a rare clinical case. Paper-records require a lot of time to share as compared to an electronic record. With a handy device and a sharing access, medical record distribution is a cost-effective solution.

Handwritten Prescription Risk: A hand-written prescription can prove highly dangerous for the patient. Drugs which are spelt similarly or having a difference of few alphabets/structure are more liable to be misunderstood by the pharmacist and handing over wrong medications. Resorting to a PC-based prescription along with the record neutralize the perils of handing over some other drug increasing patient care.

Quick response to emergencies: Digitized records on a centralized server ensure quicker response to emergency situations for patients. Entire patient history can be referred by the doctor in a short time and proceed with the treatment unlike the paper-based records where it requires a lot of time to search and refer patient history.

 

Adverse Drug Reactions: Side effects of drugs if not informed to the patient can lead to a patient’s health in danger. EMR software which records ADR definitely makes you inform the patient while prescribing the drug. Patient safety and patient care ensured.             

                                             

Patient’s access to records: Giving another dimension to EMRs; from a doctor’s accessibility to patient’s accessibility of medical records, EMR is a boon to patients as well. Not only does it eases access of records in faster and simpler manner but is helpful when a patient is at different locations. A medical record integrated with a doctor’s portal is accessible worldwide limiting it only to the doctor and the corresponding patient providing patient care.

Patient Consent: Smart EMRs with consents help patients make decisions about the choices available in the treatment they are about to undergo. Issues related to patient consent are reduced with EMRs that give you options of the treatment and lets the patient beware of the risks and benefits associated.

An in-depth medical knowledge may care and cure the patient but added services like EMR will retain patient care.

 By Pooja Raval

Learnings from Japan: National Health IT Networks are required

The past few days have involved almost all of us praying for Japan which was ravaged by a severe earthquake and tsunami. Japan's most powerful earthquake in 140 years struck the north-east coast on March 11^th 2011, triggering a massive tsunami leaving behind many homeless and stranded. (Information and Situation Report from WHO)

As we continue praying for hope in Japan, we are also learning all we can about how disasters can impact the way we live and seek to improve. Sadly, Japan now faces severe logistical problems and with the latest news on the mishap at a nuclear reactor, the situation only seems to be getting worse. While Japanese officials have more pressing issues on their hands, a problem that will arise as time progresses will be that those left alive may find themselves without their medical records. Natural disasters wipe out everything — including paper medical records as well as computer and communication networks.

In this time of national crisis, it would have certainly been helpful for Japan to have a robust Healthcare IT network in place. A collaborative one where it is easy to share data, which is securely backed up redundantly in multiple locations that would leverage geographical diversity as a means of countering nature’s unpredictability: Geographical Division Multiplexing if you please;

While Japan does have a Healthcare IT strategy setup, with benefits and stimulus funds, it is relatively new and yet to mature. Health data digitization and Electronic Record Keeping is still in its infancy. Japan does not boast of large scale Electronic Medical Record coverage.

Wouldn’t any country ride out disasters better with health data sharing in place? This should be taken as a wakeup call as well as a learning lesson by all nations which haven’t yet devoted time and money to setting up Nationwide Health IT Infrastructures.

India for one must be looking at learning from this.  Having a Nationwide Health IT Strategy should be treated as important as a Tsunami Alerting System (TAS).  Purists will argue that a Nationwide Health IT System is not intended for alerting and helping contain situations like the TAS. And they are not completely wrong. 

In many cases it has been observed that long term benefits are eventually forgotten. Instead, this concept of “Long Term benefits” must be replaced with Pre-planned Goals which must be “Sought” on maturity of a model.  Now, any system can provide a set of benefits directly on implementation, and an additional set when it has matured.

Similarly, the use case of using a Nationwide Health IT System for predicting and alerting requires a certain amount of usage at first.  A sophisticated and mature Nationwide Healthcare Network built using technology can identify the emergence of possible pandemics. Trends in symptoms can help identify risk areas, and collaborative diagnosis can help is sharing treatment plans and improving them.

One must understand that if maturity of a network is required for additional goals and since that takes time, one must seek to implement early. 

Links of Interest

WHO Page on Environmental Health in Emergencies

WHO page on Myths and Realities in Disaster Situations

Technoclinics- Upcoming scenario in India

Medical industry in India is proud to have adopted the latest medical equipments in every specialization and has achieved tremendous results in terms of rapid and effective treatment. The benefits that the Indian IT sector has made in the global village the past 15 years, are now being extended to the Indian Healthcare industry too! 

Taking advantage of these  some clinics are transforming into “technoclinics” by smartly using technology and software in their practice. Dr. Ankit Khanna (MDS) at Pune, who uses a Blackberry to track his online appointments says, “Advances in technology have definitely changed today’s scenario in the dental practice. Earlier for root canal treatments, X-rays taken were on a thin film which gave information only about pathology and cavity. But with the Digital X-ray, it is now possible to know the bone density, height, thickness along with the conventional pathological details and cavity of the teeth.”

Moreover, the paper-based records are now shaping into Electronic Medical Records storing all the patient details along with the medical history and previous visits. Searching a patient record barely takes seconds and all the information is available at fingertips. Dr. Khanna cites out the benefits of EMR, “With EMR, the medical records are a proof which reduces the conflicts between doctor and patient. If a patient visits two dentists for treatment, with the software now it is easy to show the patient which treatment he came for to avoid the confusion.” Dr. Khanna confides in software stating that he can now provide warranty with the treatment as he successfully manages and tracks the patient records strengthening the patient-doctor relationship.

Most of the clinics are still maintaining the paper based records which eventually lead to frustration and chaos. There are some clinics where the doctors prescribe medicines on a follow up visit memorising the patient history which proves dangerous for the patient as well as the doctor! Imagine how much better it would be if the doctor knew the patient history and accordingly prescribed the medicines? That’s where the software plays the role and reduces the risks of memory-based treatment.

The doctors of “technoclinics” are enjoying their practice because they only have to concentrate on proper diagnosis and treatment whereas the entire clinic administration is managed by the software. Within the coming years, its predicted that the majority of clinics will resort to software, thus improving their practice,  benefit in terms of hassle-free practice, improved profits, time and money savings and also building stronger patient relationships. This revolution is what awaits the healthcare sector in India.

by Pooja Raval and Nrip Nihalani